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3D laser is indispensable for the construction of new urban basic surveying and mapping

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  • Time of issue:2021-07-23 19:43
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(Summary description)In June 2015, the "National Basic Surveying and Mapping Medium and Long-term Planning Outline (2015-2030)"

3D laser is indispensable for the construction of new urban basic surveying and mapping

(Summary description)In June 2015, the "National Basic Surveying and Mapping Medium and Long-term Planning Outline (2015-2030)"

  • Categories:Hi-Cloud News
  • Author:
  • Time of issue:2021-07-23 19:43
  • Views:
Information

In June 2015, the "National Basic Surveying and Mapping Medium and Long-term Planning Outline (2015-2030)" approved by the State Council first put forward the requirement of "accelerating the development of basic surveying and mapping and forming a new basic surveying and mapping system".

In January 2019, Minister Lu Hao clearly stated in his speech at the National Natural Resources Work Conference: "Accelerate the transformation and upgrading of basic surveying and mapping, enhance the public service capabilities of surveying and mapping geographic information, and promote the high-quality development of the geographic information industry."

Since 2018, the state has successively approved Shanghai and Wuhan as pilot cities for the construction of new basic surveying and mapping in the country. In particular, Wuhan is the first new-type basic surveying and mapping construction city supported by the Ministry of Natural Resources since its listing.

Judging from the current progress and results of the new basic surveying and mapping construction pilot projects in Shanghai and Wuhan, 3D laser technology, as a new type of surveying and mapping technology, has become an indispensable collection technology and data source in the construction of the pilot projects.

New basic surveying and mapping construction

The core point of the new type of basic surveying and mapping is to develop a system around geographic entities, expand the geographic elements and attributes of the collection, break the unified scale frame, realize that an entity is only collected once with high precision, and realize the integration of above ground and underground in space. The goals of "integration of water and land" and "integration of indoor and outdoor" meet the responsibilities of "two unifications" in natural resource management.

Products under the new basic surveying and mapping system can be divided into two categories: geographic scenario products and geographic entity products. Wuhan City has established the "211" new basic surveying and mapping product system through pilot projects, namely geographic entities and geographic scenes, including 2 types of data, including video stream panoramic maps, real-view 3D products, 4D+, etc., including 1 type of standard products, as well as natural resource management. Class 1 application products including base map, current state of land and space planning and management, base map of urban infrastructure resources, etc.

 

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Laser point cloud geographic scene

 

In order to meet the needs of intelligent holographic surveying and mapping of geographic scenes and geographic entities, especially in complex urban environments, it is necessary to comprehensively utilize multiple collection technologies to obtain multi-source geospatial information data to ensure the complete collection of urban holographic data.

In addition to the traditional survey collection methods, three-dimensional lasers (including airborne, vehicle-mounted, ground-mounted stations and portable 3D SLAM) and tilt photogrammetry technology and other more efficient new surveying and mapping technologies have become the main collection techniques for new basic surveying and mapping.

Through the comprehensive utilization of these multiple collection technologies, urban holographic geographic elements can be covered, basic geographic information elements can be updated annually, and important elements can be dynamically updated. Therefore, 3D laser, as an indispensable new surveying and mapping technology, can help the collection method be more efficient, the collection content is richer, the data accuracy is higher, and the application results are more diverse in the construction of the new basic surveying and mapping.

Facilitate the construction of geographic scenes

 

Geographical scenes are mainly used as "visual base maps". Because traditional surveying and mapping products cannot provide real three-dimensional environmental information of the city, in order to meet the needs of future full-space, holographic multi-dimensional, and diverse applications, its scene products are not only connected into a certain area of ​​4D and In addition to traditional surveying and mapping products such as DSM, new products for surveying and mapping geographic scenes such as real-life 3D models, measurable panoramic images and videos, and laser point cloud scenes have also been added.

Three-dimensional laser technology, also known as real-world replication technology, has the characteristics of large area, high resolution, high precision, high efficiency, active non-contact, etc., which can quickly obtain three-dimensional spatial information of urban scenes. Therefore, in the construction of geographic scenes, it is mainly used to assist the construction of laser point cloud geographic scenes, measurable panoramic images and video geographic scenes.

Sky-air-ground laser point cloud geographic scene, airborne laser can efficiently obtain laser point cloud data information of almost all features in the whole area of ​​the city, and vehicle-mounted laser supplementary obtains laser point cloud data of urban roads and the facades on both sides of the road.

For underground space and indoor space, ground stand and 3D SLAM laser can be used for collection. Through the fusion processing of the above-mentioned multi-source data obtained from different platforms, different perspectives, and different time phases, the results of the above-ground, underground, indoor and outdoor full-space laser point cloud geographic scenes can be formed. For laser point cloud scene data of different sources, different precisions, and different time phases, the highest-precision scene data can be used as the basis, combined with its surrounding characteristics for registration correction, and converted to a unified geographic scene to achieve different precisions. High-precision fusion of source heterogeneous geographic data.

 

3D laser is indispensable for the construction of new urban basic surveying and mapping

Panoramic image and video geographic scene

 

It can measure panoramic images and video geographic scenes. Through the vehicle-mounted 3D laser mobile measurement system, panoramic images, panoramic videos and coordinate information of the corresponding collection points can be collected through the vehicle-mounted 3D laser mobile measurement system to construct a measurable panoramic image and video geographic scenes of the overall city. .

Compared with traditional surveying and mapping maps, panoramic images and video geographic scenes provide users with richer three-dimensional real-world visualization environment and facade information, which is meeting the needs of installing the city into a "computer". It not only displays the three-dimensional space in the most realistic way, but also creates a new form of data results, providing users with multiple styles of geographic scene results.

 

Facilitate the construction of geographic entities

 

Based on multi-style and multi-source geographic scene data, the use of intelligent processing technology can realize the intelligent extraction and production of all-element geographic entities, and build a rich type of non-scale spatiotemporal database based on geographic entities to form a "substantiated, three-dimensional, and semantic" New basic surveying and mapping results. Therefore, the high-precision and high-precision data collected through 3D laser technology in the construction of geographic entities can help the realization of intelligent materialization and semantics of urban buildings, infrastructure, roads, and components.

The city's full-space and full-element geographic entities. For geographic entity data such as urban roads and ancillary facilities, urban components, and indoor spaces, it is inconvenient to collect data due to oblique aerial survey acquisition methods. The city can be acquired through the vehicle-mounted 3D laser mobile measurement system and the portable SLAM laser acquisition system Roads, surrounding facades and indoor multi-source 3D point cloud and panoramic data, and use the element structure semantic AI intelligent extraction technology to quickly realize the semantic recognition, discovery and classification of 3D feature elements, urban roads and ancillary facilities (road sidelines, lane lines) , Zebra crossings, road signs, trees, street lights, electric poles, flower gardens, etc.), bridge buildings, urban components, indoor hierarchical households and other feature elements such as geographic materialization geometric location, texture and attribute information extraction to form the entire city Feature geographic entity data results.

 

City full-space full-element geographic entity

 

Geographic entities of the urban building single model. For the automatic batch construction of urban building 1 and 2 level single models, the "airborne laser + tilt photography + DLG" joint processing technology can be used to pre-process the acquired airborne laser point cloud data. After processing and classification, extract the building point cloud data; perform building vertex clustering, roof plane fitting, roof boundary and topological relationship analysis on the building point cloud to obtain the roof structure surface; extract from the existing DLG Building vector data is used as the basis, combined with point cloud data to stretch the height of the building, obtain the roof structural surface, and automatically build the white model of the building in batches; through the automatic matching of the inclined image and the three-dimensional model body, the texture of the building model is performed by the inclined image. Automatic generated.

With the help of 3D laser technology, the new basic surveying and mapping results are very different from the previous ones. The product form is closer to the physical world, and attribute semantics are given through materialization, which makes it much easier to integrate analysis, statistics and big data. Its products Value is completely different from the original, not just the concept of "graph", but the concept of "information" and the concept of big data. At present, three-dimensional laser technology has been used in the pilot projects of new basic surveying and mapping. Driven by the successful pilot application experience of these units, the three-dimensional laser technology will further help the construction and application of new basic surveying and mapping in various places.

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